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Verhaltensanomalien Und Wirtschaftswissenschaft

Verhaltensanomalien Und Wirtschaftswissenschaft


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About the Book

Anomalien stellen für jede Wissenschaft eine elementare Herausforderung dar. Dies gilt besonders für die Wirtschaftswissenschaft, die sich gerne als 'Königin der Sozialwissenschaftenen' bezeichnen lässL Anomalien sind Beobachtungen, die nicht mit den grundlegenden Prämissen einer Wissenschaft vereinbar sind. Im Falle der Volkswirtschaftslehre wird die zentrale Annahme des Rationalver- haltens der Individuen verletzt. Rationalität wird in der Ökonomie üblicherweise als konsistentes Handeln interpretiert und ist- von lohn von Neumann und Oskar Morgenstern allgemeingültig axiomatisch formuliert worden. Daraus folgt, dass die Menschen bei Unsicherheit den Erwartungsnutzen maximieren. In der Wirtschaftstheorie wird dieses Modell den Individuen routinemllssig unterstellt. Die empirische Forschung, sowohl in Form von Laborexperimenten als auch Feldbeobachtungen, hat nun aber schwerwiegende und systematische Abwei- chungen von den Vorhersagen des Erwartungsnutzenmodel1s aufgezeigt. Insbesondere werden die Unsicherheit reflektierenden WahrScheinlichkeiten von den Individuen in einer Weise verarbeitet, die den Neumann!Morgenstern- Axiomen widerspricht. Als allgemeines Modell zur Erklärung des Verhaltens der Individuen ist somit der in der Ökonomie übliche Ansatz fraglich geworden. Die empirisch beobachteten Anomalien gehen über das Modell der Erwartungs- nutzenmaximierung weit hinaus. Sie betreffen auch Verhaltensweisen unter Sicherheit, die zu den Grundelementen der Wirtschaftswissenschaft gehören und dementsprechend den Studierenden in den ersten Semestern beigebracht werden. Dazu gehört vor allem die Behandlung der Kosten. Entgegen der normalen öko- nomischen Theorie erweist es sich empirisch, dass Individuen Opportuni- tätskosten systematisch geringer als tatsächlich auftretende (monetäre) Kosten bewerten, und dass sie in der Vergangenheit eingetretene und deshalb nicht mehr zu ändernde Kosten (sunk cost) bei ihren in die Zukunft gerichteten Entschei- dungen mitberücksichtigen.


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9783824401215
  • Publisher: Deutscher Universitatsverlag
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Height: 234 mm
  • No of Pages: 217
  • Series Title: Duv Wirtschaftswissenschaft
  • Sub Title: Herausforderung, Reaktionen, Perspektiven
  • Width: 156 mm
  • ISBN-10: 3824401215
  • Publisher Date: 01 Jan 1992
  • Edition: 1992 ed.
  • Language: German
  • Returnable: N
  • Spine Width: 12 mm
  • Weight: 381 gr


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