About the Book

• A comprehensive and up-to-date resource covering disorders of the liver and digestive system.
• The book is divided into three sections named as Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Hepatology respectively, encompassing 37 chapters.
• Describes the pathophysiology of a range of paediatric disorders from diseases of the oesophagus and malnutrition, to chronic liver disease, as well as new genetic, metabolic and biochemical tests.
• Novel therapies are discussed for treatment of diseases such as tyrosinemia and neonatal haemochromtosis.
• Hepatology section describes improved treatment for Hepatitis B and C in relation to liver transplantation.
• New modalities in endoscopy such as endoscopic ultrasound and capsule endoscopy in gastrointestinal disorders are also covered in detail.
• Enhanced by over 100 images and illustrations.
• An extensive guide to conditions of the digestive system and liver, which will assist postgraduates, paediatric gastroenterologists and other paediatricians in their practice.

About the Author

Sarath Gopalan MD (PGIMER, Chandigarh), Fellowship in Pediatric Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition (UK), MAMS Akshay Kapoor MD Vidyut Bhatia MD

Table of Contents:
SECTION 1: Gastroenterology 1. Developmental Anatomy and Physiology of the Digestive Tract...................................................................3 Yogesh Waikar Applied developmental anatomy and physiology of esophagus 3 Applied developmental anatomy and physiology of stomach 3 Applied developmental anatomy and physiology of intestines 4 Applied developmental anatomy of pancreas 5 2. Common Gastrointestinal Symptoms..................................................................................................................7 Wafa’a Al-Qabandi Vomiting 7 Diarrhea 14 Abdominal pain 22 Constipation 27 Gastrointestinal bleeding 33 Abdominal distension 42 Failure to thrive 48 3. Disorders of the Esophagus ................................................................................................................................ 59 SK Mittal Gastroesophageal reflux disease (gerd) 59 Management of gerd 64 Pharmacologic therapies 65 Acquired esophageal stricture 69 Esophageal achalasia 71 4. Neurogastroenterology and Motility Disorders.............................................................................................. 78 Paolo Quitadamo, Efstratios Saliakellis, Osvaldo Borrelli, Nikhil Thapar Abdominal pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorders 78 Functional constipation 81 Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction 83 Gastrointestinal and nutritional problems in neurologically impaired children 85 Cyclical vomiting syndrome 87 5. Disorders of the Stomach and Small Intestine ................................................................................................ 93 Ravinder Goyal, BR Thapa, Rimjhim Srivastava, Srikanth KP Congenital anomalies of the stomach 93 Gastritis: H. pylori and peptic ulcer disease, and non-H. pylori ulcers 96 Congenital anomalies of small intestine 101xviii Textbook of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition 6. Acute Diarrhea.....................................................................................................................................................111 AK Patwari Epidemiology 111 Etiology 111 Pathogenesis 111 Clinical features 112 Principles of treatment 112 7. Chronic and Persistent Diarrhea ......................................................................................................................119 Sarah Paul, John Matthai Chronic diarrhea 119 Persistent diarrhea 122 8. Celiac Disease.......................................................................................................................................................125 Bhupinder Sandhu, Nkem Onyeador Definition 125 Historical background 125 Epidemiology 126 Genetics 126 Pathogenesis 127 Clinical features and patterns of disease 127 Investigations 128 Screening for celiac disease 130 Management of celiac disease 131 Prognosis 132 Complications of celiac disease 133 Refractory celiac disease 133 Future research 133 Sources of patient/parent information 134 9. Inflammatory Bowel Disease ............................................................................................................................137 Boosba Vivatvakin, Palittiya Sintusek Inflammatory bowel disease 137 10. Disorders of the Pancreas..................................................................................................................................147 A Riyaz Congenital anomalies 147 Genetic disorders 148 Acute pancreatitis 149 Chronic pancreatitis 154 Tumors of pancreas 156 11. Short Bowel Syndrome ......................................................................................................................................159 Olivier Goulet Etiology and incidence 159 Pathophysiology 163 Management 166 Long-term outcome and growth of patients 173Contents xix 12. Surgical Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract ...........................................................................................181. Rajeev Redkar, Parag Karkera Congenital Anomalies 181 Esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula 181 Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 183 Duodenal atresia 184 Ileal and jejunal atresia 184 Meconium ileus 185 Malrotation of gut 186 Abdominal wall defects (omphalocele and gastrochisis) 188 Hirschsprung’s disease 189 Anorectal malformations 190 Acute Emergencies 193 Appendicitis 193 Intussusception 194 Meckel’s diverticulum 196 Intestinal obstruction 197 Inflammatory bowel disease 198 Rarer Issues and Recent Advances 199 Annular pancreas 199 Pancreas divisum 199 Gastroesophageal reflux disease 199 Bariatric surgery 200 SECTION 2: Nutrition 13. Nutritional Assessment in Health and Disease..............................................................................................207 K Vijayaraghavan Goals 207 Guiding principles 207 Methods of nutrition assessment 208 Clinical examination 208 Nutritional anthropometry 211 Biochemical assessment 214 Dietary assessment 216 14. Food Allergy .........................................................................................................................................................218 S Srinivas Terminology and definitions 218 Incidence 218 Immunological basis of food allergy 218 Pathophysiology of food allergy 219 Immunopathogenesis of food allergies 219 Symptoms associated with food hypersensitivity 220 Clinical phenotypes/reactions seen in food allergy 220 Food allergy to specific foods 220 Cow’s milk allergy/cow’s milk protein allergy (cma/cmpa) 221 Natural history of food allergy 221 Descriptive case scenarios in food allergy 223