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Sri Rudram

Sri Rudram


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About the Book

La traduction française de l'invocation à Rudra-Shiva, extraite du Veda.

La nature dans son ensemble, sauvage, dangereuse, mais aussi généreuse, est représentée par des dieux bucoliques, moins étincelants et plus ambivalents que les dieux élémentaires. En Inde védique, il s'agissait de Rudra, le colérique dieu insoumis qui vit en marge des autres divinités.

Plutôt que Rudra, les Védiques vénéraient plus généralement des divinités jupitériennes comme Indra ou Varuna. Quant au principe destructeur et régénérateur, il était incarné par Agni, le dieu du feu. Rudra n'est donc pas une divinité majeure du panthéon védique, mais plutôt une divinité dont le culte prédatait l'arrivée en Inde des premiers Aryens, et perdurera après la fin du brahmanisme.

Ce maître de la nature est en effet abondamment présent dans l'iconographie de la civilisation de la vallée de l'Indus, qui prédate l'acculturation aryenne du sous-continent. On retrouve aussi sa trace en pays dravidien: depuis la plus haute Antiquité et jusqu'à nos jours, Shiva, sa parèdre et leur fils Murugan y sont des divinités majeures.

Vers la fin du premier millénaire avant notre ère, la civilisation de l'Indus, l'aryenne et la dravidienne, se mélangèrent pour ne plus faire qu'une. Dès lors, Rudra cessa d'être une divinité de second plan pour devenir Shiva-Sureshwar, le seigneur des seigneurs, le dieu des dieux.

Le védisme des dévas battu en brèche par des cultes plus populaires et plus accessibles, Shiva et sa famille devinrent les sujets d'innombrables légendes ( puranas ), et Rudra-Shiva remplaça Indra au sommet du panthéon indien. Shiva prit alors le nom de Mahadeva, le plus grand des dieux .

Si les divinités élémentaires, les dévas, sont des fils et des petits-fils de Brahma, ce n'est pas le cas de Rudra, qui ne connaît ni la mort ni la naissance et dont la présence précédait la création elle-même. Colérique et violent, il est Rudra, mais calme et méditatif, il est Shiva, un mot qui signifie littéralement le doux en sanskrit.

Rudra ne se voit attribuer que trois hymnes dans le Rig-Veda (sur les 1028 qu'il contient), mais il est mentionné avec plus de consistance dans le Yajur-Veda, qui lui consacre un très long hymne spéculatif: le Sri Rudram ( le divin chant de la colère ). Ce chant métaphysique est doté d'une poésie intense et violente. Composé oralement vers l'an mille avant notre ère, il s'agit incontestablement d'un des plus grands chefs-d'oeuvre littéraires de l'Antiquité.


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9782493890436
  • Publisher: Amazon Digital Services LLC - Kdp
  • Publisher Imprint: Afnil
  • Height: 229 mm
  • No of Pages: 50
  • Spine Width: 3 mm
  • Weight: 132 gr
  • ISBN-10: 2493890434
  • Publisher Date: 30 Apr 2022
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Language: French
  • Returnable: N
  • Sub Title: Le divin chant de la colère
  • Width: 152 mm


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