The diverse area of chicken breeding is essential to supplying the world's expanding need for poultry products. Effective breeding techniques have a major role in determining the quality, quantity, and efficiency of production-whether it's eggs or meat. This chapter provides an overview of the basic ideas, significance, and workings of the chicken breeding industry. The process of carefully selecting and marrying birds to create offspring with desired qualities is known as poultry breeding. Depending on the intended use-egg production, meat production, or display purposes-these characteristics may differ. Improving a chicken flock's total productivity, well-being, and profitability is the main objective of breeding. Genetics is a major factor in chicken breeding. Breeders need to understand poultry genetics in order to choose mating pairings and selection criteria with knowledge. Numerous characteristics, including development rate, egg production, illness resistance, and feather color, are influenced by genes. Breeders may control these genetic features to produce desired results via selective breeding. Choosing birds with desired characteristics and utilizing them as breeding material to carry those features through to future generations is known as selective breeding. In order to guarantee genetic advancement throughout time, this procedure needs meticulous planning, monitoring, and assessment. Selective breeding is often used to increase traits including body weight, feed conversion efficiency, egg size, and shell quality. The effectiveness of poultry breeding projects is largely dependent on breeding strategies. Breeders are guided in their selection processes and breeding tactics by these plans, which lay forth precise aims and objectives. Objectives might include raising the amount of eggs produced, producing more meat, boosting feed efficiency, or producing birds with certain visual traits. Breeders may concentrate their efforts and resources on attaining measurable results by setting defined targets. Another essential component of raising chickens is managing breeding flocks. For breeding birds to be healthy and productive, they need enough shelter, food, and medical care. Specialized care is needed for breeding flocks in order to guarantee maximum reproductive efficiency and high-quality progeny. Enough room, ventilation, temperature control, and defense against illnesses and predators should all be provided by housing facilities. Egg production and reproductive processes depend heavily on nutrition, necessitating balanced meals full of key elements. Using natural breeding techniques, birds are allowed to mate and procreate without assistance from humans. Given that genetic pairings are left up to chance, this procedure, although simple and inexpensive, may not always provide the intended results. With artificial insemination (AI), breeders may deliberately pair birds based on desired features, providing a more controlled breeding environment. Breeders can overcome obstacles like poor fertility or genetic incompatibility by using stronger genetics and AI.