Part I: Measurements of Phototropism

1. Physiological Characterization of Phototropism in Arabidopsis Seedlings

Ken Haga and Taro Kimura

2. Assessing Negative and Positive Phototropism in Lianas

Shogo Kato

3. Determination of Phototropism and Polarotropism in Fern Protonemal Cells

Masamitsu Wada

4. Assays of Protonemal Growth Responses in Physcomitrella patens under Blue- and Red-light Stimuli

Sho Miyazaki, Masatoshi Nakajima, and Hiroshi Kawaide

5. An Experimental System for Examining Phototropic Response of Gametophytic Shoots in the Moss Physcomitrella patens

Liang Bao, Kotaro T. Yamamoto, and Tomomichi Fujita

6. Observation of Phototropic Responses in the Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha

Aino Komatsu, Ryuichi Nishihama, and Takayuki Kohchi

7. Measurement of Phototropism of the Sporangiophore of Phycomyces blakesleeanus

Luis M. Corrochano and Paul Galland

8. Quantitative Analysis of Tip Growth, Phototropic Responses and Other Blue Light-Dependent Photoresponses of Vaucheria

9. A Simple Procedure to Observe Phototropic Responses in the Red Seaweed Pyropia yezonensis

Megumu Takahashi and Koji Mikami

10. Determination of Phototropism by UV-B Radiation

Lucas Vanhaelewyn, Dominique Van Der Straeten, and Filip Vandenbussche

Part II: Analysis of Auxin

11. New-Generation Chemical Tools for the Manipulation of Auxin Biosynthesis, Action, and Transport

12. Determination of Auxin Flow during Phototropic Responses Using Fluorescent Auxin Analogs

Tatsuya Sakai

13. Immunolocalization of IAA Using an Anti-IAA-C Antibody Raised against Carboxyl-Linked IAA

Takeshi Nishimura and Tomokazu Koshiba

Part III: Miscellaneous Methods

14. Measurements of Photoreaction and Kinase Activity of Phototropin, a Photoreceptor Protein for Tropic Response in Plants; Involvement of Kinase Activity in the Photosensitivity of Tropic Response

Koji Okajima and Satoru Tokutomi

15. Cytoskeleton Observation in Phototropism and Polarotropism of Adiantum Protonema

Masamitsu Wada

16. Grafting as a Tool for Study of Phototropism in Phycomyces

Atsushi Miyazaki and Tamotsu Ootaki

17. Preparation of a Spaceflight Experiment to Study Tropisms in Arabidopsis Seedlings on the International Space Station

Joshua P. Vandenbrink and John Z. Kiss

18. How to Investigate the Role of the Actin-Myosin Cytoskeleton in Organ Straightening

Haruko Ueda and Ikuko Hara-Nishimura

19. Quantitative Measurements of Curvature along the Growth Axis in Tropic Responses Using Free Software Environments
Kotaro T. Yamamoto and Ken Haga