The deep ocean is by far the planet's largest biome and holds a wealth of potential natural assets. Human exploitation of the deep ocean is rapidly increasing whilst becoming more visible to many through the popular media, particularly film and television. The scientific literature of deep-sea exploitation and its effects has also rapidly expanded as a direct function of this increased national and global interest in exploitation of deep-sea resources, both biological (e.g. fisheries, genetic resources) and non-biological (e.g. minerals, oil, gas, methane hydrate). At the same time there is a growing interest in deep-sea contamination (including plastics), with many such studies featured in high profile scientific journals and covered by global media outlets. However, there is currently no comprehensive integration of this information in any form and these topics are only superficially covered in classic textbooks on deep-sea biology. This concise and accessible work provides
an understanding of the relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, both at the seafloor and in the water column, and how these might be affected as a result of human interaction, exploitation and, ultimately, environmental change. It follows a logical progression from geological and physical processes, ecology, biology, and biogeography, to exploitation, management, and conservation.

Natural Capital and Exploitation of the Deep Ocean is aimed at marine biologists and ecologists, oceanographers, fisheries scientists and managers, fish biologists, environmental scientists, and conservation biologists. It will also be of relevance and use to a multi-disciplinary audience of fish and wildlife agencies, NGOs, and government departments involved in deep-sea conservation and management.

About the Author:
Maria Baker, Senior Research Fellow, University of Southampton, UK, Eva Ramirez-Llodra, Senior Scientist and Science Coordinator, NIVA and REV Ocean, Norway, Paul Tyler, Emeritus Professor, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, UK

Maria Baker is co-lead for the international Deep-Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI) and the International Network for scientific investigation of DEEP-sea ecosystems (INDEEP). The overarching aim of these two programmes is to ensure deep-sea science informs national and international policy process in a way that is unique and essential at this critical time for the future of ocean biodiversity. She organises and chairs workshops, meetings and special sessions, writing accessible, translated texts (including policy briefs) on subject areas concerning, for example, impacts of climate change in the deep ocean, encouraging engagement of scientists and reporting and budgets are my current focus. Her research activity focuses on anthropogenic impacts on deep-sea ecosystems and sustaining deep-sea biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction.

Eva Ramirez-Llodra is a senior scientist at NIVA (Norway) and Science Coordinator at REV Ocean (Norway). Her main expertise is in marine biodiversity and early life history of deep-sea benthic fauna in relation to anthropogenic stressors, as well as in international project management and an established international network of contacts, including leading/advisory roles in INDEEP and DOSI.

Paul Tyler is Emeritus Professors of Deep-Sea Biology at the University of Southampton, UK. He previously worked with John Gage in the NE Atlantic on RRS Challenger examining life history biology of deep-sea organisms. In the late 1980s he started deep-sea experimental work on cruises with Craig Young using submersibles in the Bahamas and Gulf of Mexico. In 1994 he was awarded a DSc and a Personal Chair. The research programme involved the Census of Marine Life and the discovery of hydrothermal vents in the Southern Ocean.