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Microorganismos

Microorganismos


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About the Book

Los pequeños organismos unicelulares que son invisibles al ojo humano se conocen como microbios. Debido a que sólo pueden observarse bajo un microscopio, a menudo se les llama microbios u organismos microscópicos. Representan más del 60% de todos los seres vivos de la Tierra. Para crecer y preservar sus procesos metabólicos, los microorganismos necesitan algunos nutrientes esenciales. Dependiendo del tipo de microbio se necesitan diferentes cantidades y tipos de nutrientes. Los aminoácidos, los alcoholes y los carbohidratos pueden proporcionar energía a los microorganismos. Los carbohidratos simples como la glucosa son metabolizados por la mayoría de las bacterias. Los carbohidratos más complejos como la celulosa o el almidón, así como el glucógeno presente en las dietas para los músculos, pueden ser metabolizados por otros. Ciertos microbios pueden utilizar los ácidos grasos como fuente de energía. La mayoría de los microbios necesitan aminoácidos, que son una fuente de energía y nitrógeno. Ciertos microbios pueden metabolizar proteínas y péptidos más complejos. El amoníaco, la urea, la creatinina y las metilaminas son algunas fuentes más de nitrógeno. La vaca, el equipo utilizado para ordeñar, almacenar y transportar, así como el entorno, son la fuente de microorganismos en la leche cruda. Con el uso de tecnologías modernas, la leche se puede recolectar con muy pocos microbios. Por otro lado, en la leche puede estar presente una población microbiana muy variada. Los microorganismos que causan deterioro y patogenicidad en la leche son los que resultan más interesantes. Los microorganismos que producen ácido láctico, ácido propiónico, ácido butírico y enzimas degradativas se clasifican en una de cuatro clases fisiológicas. Cuando se dan las condiciones adecuadas para prosperar, algunos organismos de descomposición, como las bacterias del ácido láctico, pueden explotarse para producir productos lácteos fermentados. Las bacterias patógenas que se encuentran en la leche tienen el potencial de ser tóxicas o contagiosas. Además, existen sólo dos fuentes de átomos de hidrógeno o electrones para los microorganismos. Los litotrofos son aquellos que obtienen sus electrones a partir de compuestos inorgánicos reducidos. Los microbios clasificados como organótrofos son aquellos que toman electrones o átomos de hidrógeno (cada átomo de hidrógeno tiene un electrón) de sustancias orgánicas.


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9798873450084
  • Publisher: Amazon Digital Services LLC - Kdp
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Language: Spanish
  • Returnable: N
  • Sub Title: En los campos de la biología molecular, la bioquímica, la genética y la biotecnología, los microorganismos son herramientas vitales.
  • Width: 140 mm
  • ISBN-10: 8873450083
  • Publisher Date: 30 Dec 2023
  • Height: 216 mm
  • No of Pages: 118
  • Spine Width: 6 mm
  • Weight: 199 gr


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