The connection between employment and retirement investigating the connection between past employment, transfer to retirement, and women's level of life happiness.

Abstract
How does a woman's subjective wellbeing change as she enters retirement? The main theoretical views that have been applied as models to study the diverse transition to retirement include role theory and continuity theory. They have frequently been combined with a life course method, allowing us to examine retirement as a shift contained within a continuous process. Using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe "SHARE" and focusing on women, I examine how working life paths are linked to changes in subjective satisfaction before and after retirement.

First, I use cluster analysis and sequence analysis to find clusters of characteristics going through the life courses from 20 to 50. Secondly, regression models predict how retirement transition is linked with changes in life happiness, according to the various working trajectories.

The findings indicate that some of the life happiness trajectories, made up of discontinuous or part time times, show a continuous rise as they move from work "or unemployment" to retirement.
For other paths, such as the full-time one, retirement seems not to have consequences for subjective satisfaction.

Introduction

In later life, the change from employment to retirement is a significant occasion.

Researchers from a variety of science fields, including medicine, psychology, and sociology, have been particularly interested in how people adjust to retirement.
Over the past few decades, retirement has undergone a significant shift in its character. Prior to 1960, retirement was widely regarded as a "crisis" incident, posing a threat to personal safety. Retirement is now frequently viewed as a brand-new stage of life that presents chances for the creation of fresh identities, roles, and ways of living.
The character of retirement has changed as a result, in part because of rising life span, improved health of retirees, and their desire to continue serving in family and community roles. Academic curiosity about the character of retirement change and how retirees live.
Retirement is an important event in the context of the stabilization of general health and subsequent changes in later life, serving as a transitional point between middle age before retirement and a new stage of life.
Few studies have explicitly concentrated on women, and inquiries into how the retirement transition affects quality of life have yielded conflicting conclusions. The current understanding of the issue is primarily focused on men or on gender comparison.
Women's careers are often marked by interruptions or part-time employment which are often not considered in the active aging debate.
Career interruptions, caused by the birth of children, often produce great differences between the work histories of men and women. For these reasons, it could be important to study female retirement adaptation as a standalone phenomenon since the whole process of retirement could be a different experience for women, because of the differences in their attachment to and participation in the labor force. When men leave their jobs, they are exiting from a role that has typically dominated their adult years. On the contrary, women, who commonly experience greater discontinuity in their working life, may have a different attachment to the role of 'worker' and a different adaptation to retirement.
A further limitation of previous analyses in studying the relationship between the transition to retirement, subjective wellbeing and the characteristics of the work history is that the information on work or employment has often been limited to a specific time point, such as the last employment before retirement.