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Institutionelle Faktoren und Anreizstrukturen im Schulwesen

Institutionelle Faktoren und Anreizstrukturen im Schulwesen


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About the Book

Inhaltsangabe: Einleitung: Das Bildungswesen steht in nahezu allen Ländern unter der Aufsicht des Staates und wird in hohem Maße mittels öffentlicher Gelder finanziert. Traditionell dominiert in Bildungssystemen eine zentrale Input-Steuerung der Schulen. Dazu gehört u. a. die staatliche Zuteilung von Finanz- und Personalressourcen, die Vorgabe von Richtlinien und Lehrplänen sowie umfassende rechtliche und administrative Regelungen. Insbesondere in Deutschland wurde der staatliche Bildungsauftrag (Artikel 7 des Grundgesetzes) in ein bis heute stark administrativ-zentralistisch ausgeprägtes Steuerungssystem umgesetzt, in dem die einzelnen öffentlichen Schulen weitgehend unselbständig sind und verwaltungstechnisch als „nachgelagerte Behörden [fungieren], die ihre Dienstleistungen nach vorgegebenen Normen und Dienstanweisungen zu erbringen haben." Durch internationale Schulleistungsstudien wie TIMSS und PISA wird jedoch zunehmend deutlich, dass sich die Qualität der schulischen Bildung allein mit einer staatlich administrierten und an Ressourceninputs orientierten Lenkung nicht sichern lässt. Denn zum einen erreichen Länder trotz vergleichbarem Ressourceneinsatz (gemessen am prozentualen Anteil der Bildungsausgaben am nationalen BIP) höchst unterschiedliche Resultate bei den gemessenen Bildungsergebnissen. Zum anderen lässt sich empirisch nachweisen, dass dezentrale Ressourcenverantwortung, Konkurrenz unter Schulen und damit verbundene output-orientierte Steuerungsansätze positive Effekte auf die Bildungsleistungen von Schülern ausüben. Auch im deutschen Bildungssystem werden mit dem administrativen Steuerungsansatz allem Anschein nach wesentliche Ziele nicht (mehr) erreicht. Das gilt nicht nur mit Blick auf die Bildungsergebnisse wie bspw. die im PISA-Vergleich (erneut) unterdurchschnittlichen Testleistungen deutscher Schüler. Ebenfalls lassen sich in Bezug auf die Effizienz und Effektivität des Ressourceneinsatzes im Bildungsprozess hier zu Lande Defizite ausmachen


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9783836600620
  • Publisher: Diplom.de
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Language: German
  • Returnable: N
  • Spine Width: 7 mm
  • Weight: 209 gr
  • ISBN-10: 3836600625
  • Publisher Date: 28 Dec 2006
  • Height: 210 mm
  • No of Pages: 114
  • Series Title: German
  • Sub Title: Analyse und Reform - Optionen für das deutsche Bildungssystem
  • Width: 148 mm


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