Part I: Mapping the HIV Life Cycle
1. Virion Attachment & Entry: HIV gp120 Env Biotinylation, gp120 Env, or Integrin Ligand Binding Assay
Claudia Cicala and James Arthos
2. CryoEM Analysis of Capsid Assembly and Structural Changes Upon Interactions with a Host Restriction Factor, TRIM5α
Gongpu Zhao and Peijun Zhang
3. The Fate of HIV-1 Capsid: A Biochemical Assay for HIV-1 Uncoating
Yang Yang, Jeremy Luban, and Felipe Diaz-Griffero
4. The Cyclosporin A Washout Assay to Detect HIV-1 Uncoating in Infected Cells
Thomas Hope
5. Imaging HIV-1 Nuclear Pre-Integration Complexes
Anna Cereseto and Mauro Giacca
6. HIV-1 Reverse Transcription
Andrea Cimarelli and Jean-Luc Darlix
7. RNase H: Specificity, Mechanisms of Action, and Antiviral Target
Karin Moelling, Felix Broecker, and John E. Kerrigan
8. HIV-1 Chromatin, Transcription, and the Regulatory Protein Tat
Laurence Colin, Eric Verdin, and Carine Van Lint
9. HIV-1 Rev Function and RNA Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Export
Alan Cochrane
10. HIV-1 Accessory Proteins: Nef
Anke Heigele, Daniel Sauter, Jan Münch, and Frank Kirchhoff
11. HIV-1 Accessory Proteins: VpR
Richard Y. Zhao and Michael I. Bukrinsky
12. HIV-1 Accessory Proteins: Vpu and Vif
Amy Andrew and Klaus Strebel
13. SIVSM/HIV-2 Vpx Proteins: Function and Uses in the Infection of Primary Myeloid Cells
Gregory Berger and Andrea Cimarelli
14. Imaging of HIV Assembly and Release
Barbara Müller and Jacomine Krijnse-Locker
Part II: Isolation, Co-Receptor Use, and Cell Tropism of HIV-1
15. HIV-1 Isolation from Infected Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
Stefania Dispinseri, Elisa Saba, Elisa Vicenzi, Neeltje A. Kootstra, Hanneke Schuitemaker, and Gabriella Scarlatti
16. Determination of HIV-1 Co-Receptor Usage
Mariangela Cavarelli and Gabriella Scarlatti
17. The Macrophage and HIV: Basic Concepts and Methodologies
Suzanne Gartner
18. HIV Infection of Dendritic Cells
Najla Nasr, Andrew Harman, Stuart Turville and Anthony L. Cunningham
19. Histocultures (Tissue Explants) in Human Retrovirology
Anush Arakelyan, Wendy Fitzgerald, Jean-Charles Grivel, Christophe Vanpouille, and Leonid Margolis
Part III: In Vivo Quantification of HIV-1
20. Single Copy Quantification of HIV-1 in Clinical Samples
Ann Wiegand and Frank Maldarelli
21. Quantification of Total HIV1-DNA in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
Christine Rouzioux, Adeline Mélard, and Véronique Avéttand-Fénoël
Part IV: Biotechnological Aspects of HIV-1
22. HIV-1 Based Lentiviral Vectors
Ying Poi Liu and Ben Berkhout
23. Quantification of miRNA by Poly(A)-RT-qPCR Arrays and Verification of Target Sites in HIV-1 Using a One-LTR Infectious Molecular Clone
Zachary A. Klase, Laurent Houzet, and Kuan-Teh Jeang
Part V: HTLVs
24. Investigating Human T Cell Lymphotropic Retrovirus (HTLV) Tax Function with Molecular and Immunophenotypic Techniques
Greta Forlani, Roberto S. Accolla, and Giovanna Tosi
25. Proviral Load Determination of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 in Patients' Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Real-Time PCR
Claudio Casoli, Elisabetta Pilotti, and Umberto Bertazzoni
26. Quantitative Analysis of Human T-Lymphotropic
