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Emergency Medicine

Emergency Medicine


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International Edition


About the Book

Extensively revised and updated, this new edition of Emergency Medicine includes essential information on diagnosis and management of acute and sub-acute emergencies. Divided into sixteen chapters, the book begins with an introduction and a chapter on resuscitation emergencies, followed by discussion on emergencies relating to specific systems of the body including neurological, metabolic, renal, endocrine, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems. Further chapters cover various emergencies involving autoimmune hepatitis, blood, carcinoma of bronchus, obstructive sleep apnoea and toxicology, amongst others. Emergency Medicine, Second Edition features nearly 170 images and illustrations, most in full colour, enhancing the fully revised text in this new edition, which includes several new topics such as emergency dermatology, vertigo, Horner's syndrome, ptosis and Mnire's disease. Key Points Revised and updated edition including several new topics Previous edition published 2005 (9788180615498) 168 images and illustrations, the majority in full colour UK based editorial team from Royal Victoria Hospital, Edinburgh, and Princess Royal Hospital, Brighton

Table of Contents:
Contents 1. Introduction 1 Factors for Prevention of Cardiac Arrest 1 Unexplained Hypotension 1 • Septic Shock 2; Diagnosis 2; Treatment 2 • Acute Anaphylaxis 3; Causes 3; Treatment 3 • Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation 3 Causes 4; Investigation 4; Management 4 • Antibiotics 5 2. Resuscitation 10 • Adult Basic Life Support (BLS) 10 • Advanced Life Support (ALS) 11 • Syncope 14; Vertigo (Merry Go Round), not Vertigo (Rocking Like a Boat) 17; Benign Positional Paroxysmal Vertigo (BPPV) 17 • Red Flags 19 3. Neurological Emergencies 20 • Acute Stroke 20; Exclusion Criteria for Thrombolysis 22; Stroke Mimics 27 Investigations and Differential Diagnosis of Stroke 28; Where is the Stroke? 29 • Thrombosis of Cerebral Veins and Sinuses 40; Pathogenesis 40; Risk Factors 41; Clinical Signs 42 Diagnosis 42; Treatment 42 • Anterior Spinal Artery Thrombosis 43 • Coma 43; History 43; Causes 43; Assessment Usually GCS <8 44; Document GCS 45 • Hypothermia 47; Causes 47; Examination 48 Investigations 48; Complications 49 Management 50 • Meningitis 51; History 51; Examination 52 Investigations 52 • Viral Encephalitis 55; Treatment 56 • Acute Wernicke’s Encephalopathy 56; History 56 • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) 57 Management 59; Grading of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) 60; Priorities 60 Investigations 60; Prevention and Treatment 61 Neurological Deterioration or Complications 61 Screening 62 • Epilepsy (Status Epilepticus) 62; First Epileptic Seizure 62; Status Epilepticus 64; Syncope 65 • Headache 68; Migraine (6–18%) 68; Chronic Tension Headache 70; Coital Headache 70; Benign Intracranial Hypertension 70; Temporal Arteritis (Giant-cell Arteritis) 71 Prelims.indd 13 07-08-2015 12:35:06 xiv Emergency Medicine • Malaria 72; Clinical Features 72; Severe Malaria 72 Investigations 72; Treatment 72 • Spinal Cord Compression 73; History 73; Causes 73 Anterior Spinal Artery Thrombosis 73 • Spastic Paraparesis 74 • Brown-Sequard Syndrome (Hemisection of Spinal Cord) 75 • Acute Inflammatory Polyneuritis, Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) 75; History 75; Examination 75 Case History 76 • Myasthenia Gravis (MG) 77; Differential Diagnosis 78 • Delirium 79; Delirium Tremens 82 Management 82 • Cerebellopontine Angle Syndrome 83 • Horner’s Syndrome 83 • Ptosis 84 • Vertigo 84 • Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) 85 • Ménière’s Disease 85 • Peripheral Neuropathy 86 • Median Nerve Palsy (Carpal Tunnel Syndrome) 88 • Ulnar Nerve Palsy 90; Differential Diagnosis Syringomyelia 91 • Radial Nerve Palsy 91 • Foot Drop (Common Peroneal Nerve Palsy) 92 Cervical Myelopathy 92 • Absent Ankle Jerks and Extensor Plantars 93 • Cauda Equina Syndrome 94 • Spinal Stenosis 95 • Multiple Sclerosis (MS) 95; Optic Neuritis 95 Cervical Cord 95; Brainstem and Cerebellum 96 Paroxysmal Symptoms 96 • Motor Neurone Disease (MND) 98 • Syringomyelia 99 • Sub-acute Combine Degeneration (SACD) 100 • Friedreich’s Ataxia (Hereditary Spinocerebellar Degeneration) 101 • Taboparesis 101 • Tuberous Sclerosis/Adenoma Sebaceum 102 • Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1, Von Recklinghausen’s Disease) 102 • Lateral Medullary Syndrome (Wallenberg’s Syndrome) 104 • Gait Disturbances 105 • Parkinson’s Disease 107 • Differential Diagnosis 110; Essential Tremor (ET) 110; Parkinsonism Plus 111 • Multisystem Atrophy (MSA) 111 Lewy Body Dementia (LBD) 112 • Dementia (De-Ment) Apart Brain 115; Alzheimer’s Disease AB (Bet- Amyloid) is the Cause 116; Vascular Dementia 117; Frontotemporal Dementia 118 Prelims.indd 14 07-08-2015 12:35:06 Contents xv 4. Metabolic, Renal and Endocrine 119 • Acute Kidney Injury 119; Nephrotoxic Drugs 119 • Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease 124 • Nephrotic Syndrome 125 • Chronic Renal Failure (Chronic Kidney Disease) 126 Renovascular Disease 127; Renal Artery Stenosis Presentation 127; Anemia 129; Rhabdomyolysis 132 • Hyperkalemia 133 • Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS) 135; Ketosis Prone Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 135; Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (HHS) 140 • Diabetic Foot 141; Antibiotics 141 • Diabetic Neuropathic Pain 142 • Surgery and Diabetes 142; Noninsulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) 144 • Hypokalemia 144 • Hypoglycemia, Diabetic Management and New Drugs in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 146 Diabetic Management 148; Newer Agents in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 150 • Hyponatremia 151 • Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH) 153 • Primary Adrenal Failure (Addison’s Disease) and Secondary Adrenal Failure 154; Adrenal Crisis 157 • Hypocalcemia 157 • Hypercalcemia 158 • Hyperthyroidism or Thyrotoxicosis 160; Thyroid Acropachy 162; Subclinical Hyperthyroidism 164 • Thyrotoxic Crisis 164 • Goiter 165; Toxic Multinodular Goiter 165; Solitary Nodule 166; Sick Euthyroid Syndrome (SES) 168 • Amiodarone Effect 168 • Hypothyroidism 169 • Subclinical Hypothyroidism 170 • Pheochromocytomas and Paraganglioma 171 • Pituitary Apoplexy (Infarction) 172 • Cushing Syndrome 173; Cushing Disease 173 • Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) 175 • Acromegaly 175 • Hypopituitarism 176 • Acid-base Balance 177; Respiratory Acidosis 179 5. Musculoskeletal 181 • Acute Arthritis 181; Gout (Supersaturation of Serum for Urate) 181; Pseudogout 185; Septic Arthritis 186; Reactive Arthritis 188 Osteoarthritis 188; Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) 189 • Polymyalgia Rheumatica, Temporal Arteritis, Vasculitis 196; Churg-Strauss (Allergic Granulomatosis) 198; Microscopic Angiitis (Necrotizing Small Vessel Vasculitis) 199 Prelims.indd 15 07-08-2015 12:35:06 xvi Emergency Medicine 6. Cardiovascular 200 • Acute Chest Pain: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) 200; Troponins 203 Thrombolytics 207 • Stable Angina 210 • Unstable Angina 210 • Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator and Pacing 213 • Pericarditis 215 • Right Ventricular Infarction/? JVP Clear Lungs, Breathlessness 215; Tachyarrhythmia 217 • Atrial Fibrillation and Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation 218; Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Therapy 218 • Atrial Flutter 224 • Supraventricular Tachycardia 224 • Broad Complex Tachycardia 227; Diagnosis 228 • Sudden Cardiac Death 229; Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 230; Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC) 231; Brugada Syndrome 231; Long QT Syndrome (A Disease of the Young, Unusual After 40) 231; Torsades-DePointes Tachycardia 232; Bradycardia and Pacemaker 233; First Degree Heart Block 233 Second Degree Heart Block 234; Third Degree Atrioventricular Block 234; Transvenous Temporary Pacing 234; Risk of Pacemaker 235; Suspected Malfunction of Permanent Pacemaker 235 • Heart Failure (Mild/Moderate) in Acute Coronary Syndrome 235; Severe Heart Failure 237; Digoxin Toxicity 238 • Hypertensive Emergencies and Resistant Hypertension 238; Resistant Hypertension 241 • Acute Aortic Dissection 242 • Infective Endocarditis 244; High Risk Patients 244 Moderate Risk Patients 245 • Aortic Stenosis 247 • Aortic Regurgitation 250 • Mitral Regurgitation 251 • Mixed Mitral Valve Disease 252 • Mitral Stenosis 253; Prosthetic Mitral and Aortic Valves 254; Dextrocardia 255 • Dilated Cardiomyopathy 255 • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 256; Pulmonary Embolism, Deep Vein Thrombosis 257 • Pulmonary Hypertension 264 • General Surgery and Cardiac Patient 266 7. Gastrointestinal 268 Abdominal Pain 268 • Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage 269 Heyde’s Syndrome 274 Prelims.indd 16 07-08-2015 12:35:06 Contents xvii • Variceal Bleeding 275; Preventive Strategies in Cirrhosis or Management of Portal Hypertension 277 • Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding 278 History 278; Examination 278 • Acute or Chronic Liver Failure 279 Fulminant Liver Failure 279; Subfulminant 279 • Signs of Chronic Liver Disease 281 • Hepatorenal Syndrome 283 • Viral Hepatitis (HBV, HCV) 284; Hepatitis A and E 284 8. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis 291 • Alcoholic Hepatitis 293; Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome (DT) 295 9. Primary Biliary Cirrhosis 296 • Hemochromatosis 297 • Wilson’s Disease 297 10. Autoimmune Hepatitis 299 • Budd-Chiari Syndrome (Hepatic Vein Obstruction) 300; Cholestatic Hepatitis 300 • Indications for Liver Transplant 301 Fulminant Hepatic Failure 301 • Ascites 305 • Acute Pancreatitis and Ascending Cholangitis 308 • Acute Diarrhea 313; Clostridium Difficile Colitis 314; Complicated Clostridium Difficile Colitis 315; Campylobacter Enteritis 317 Nontyphoid Salmonellas 317 • Known Inflammatory Bowel Disease or Sigmoidoscopy Suggests Ulcerative Colitis 317 Acute Severe Colitis 319 • Microscopic Colitis 320 • Toxic Megacolon 321 • Crohn’s Disease 321; Extra Intestinal Manifestation of Crohn’s Disease 322 11. Blood 326 • Sickle Cell Crisis 326; Hand-foot Syndrome 326 Acute Pain in Limbs and Back 326; Acute Chest Syndrome 327; Anemia 327; Prevention of Complications in HbSS and HbS/BetaThalassemia 328 • Chronic Myeloid Leukemia 328 • Chronic Lymphatic Leukemia (CLL) 329 • Polycythemia Rubra Vera (PRV) 330 Anemia 332 12. Pulmonary 334 Respiratory failure 335 • Acute Asthma 335 Prelims.indd 17 07-08-2015 12:35:06 xviii Emergency Medicine • Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis 341 • Community-acquired Pneumonia (CAP) 342 Community-acquired (CA) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) 345; Methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Panton– valentine LeukocidIn (PVL) 345; Hospital-acquired (HA) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) 345 • Aspiration Pneumonia 347; Indications for Bronchoscopy 347 • Pleural Effusion and Empyema 348 • Mesothelioma 351 • Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Long-term Oxygen Therapy (LTOT) and Noninvasive Ventilation (NIV) 351; Definition 351; Pneumothorax 359 Secondary Pneumothorax 359; Primary Pneumothorax 359; Tension Pneumothorax 360 13. Bronchiectasis 364 • Antibiotics 365; Pneumocystis Pneumonia 366 14. Carcinoma of Bronchus 368 • Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) or Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP) 369 15. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome 370 • Mechanism 370 • Percutaneous Needle Stick Injury 371 • Malaria 373 • Human Immunodeficiency Virus 376 16. Toxicology 379 • Calcium Channel Blockers Overdose 379 • Tricyclic Overdose 380 • Opioid (Heroin) Overdose 380 • Cocaine 380 • Ecstasy (MDMA) 382; Clinical Features 382 • Aspirin 383; Clinical Features 383 • Paracetamol 384 • Carbon Monoxide Poisoning 385 Index 387 Prelims.indd 18 07-08-2015 12:35:06


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9789352500178
  • Publisher: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers Pvt Ltd
  • Publisher Imprint: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers Pvt Ltd
  • Edition: 0002-
  • Language: English
  • Returnable: N
  • Weight: 750 gr
  • ISBN-10: 9352500172
  • Publisher Date: 30 Nov 2015
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Height: 210 mm
  • No of Pages: 416
  • Spine Width: 0 mm
  • Width: 121 mm


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