Munish Kaundal's research on the impact of CO2 and temperature on Valeriana and Hypericum in the Western Himalayas sheds light on the effects of climate change on plant physiology, growth, and bioactive molecule production. The study examines how changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature extremes affect the two medicinal plants and how they adapt to environmental stress. The study investigates the impact of elevated CO2 and temperature on the growth and biomass of Valeriana and Hypericum. The research shows that elevated CO2 can enhance photosynthesis and carbon assimilation, which results in higher biomass and growth of the two plants. The study also reveals that high temperature reduces stomatal conductance, leading to a decrease in water use efficiency and biomass production. The effect of elevated temperature is more severe in Hypericum than in Valeriana. The study further explores the impact of elevated CO2 and temperature on the production of bioactive molecules such as secondary metabolites, flavonoids, and alkaloids in Valeriana and Hypericum. The results show that elevated CO2 increases the production of secondary metabolites in both plants, while high temperature reduces the production of flavonoids and alkaloids in Hypericum. The research also examines the mechanisms by which plants adapt to environmental stress. The study shows that elevated CO2 and temperature affect the expression of genes and transcription factors involved in stress response and plant growth regulators such as plant hormones. The study also reveals that elevated CO2 and temperature increase antioxidant activity and chlorophyll fluorescence in the two plants, which enhances their ability to adapt to stress. The study has important implications for the management and conservation of natural resources in the Western Himalayas. The research suggests that the two medicinal plants can be cultivated in conditions of elevated CO2, which would enhance their production of bioactive molecules. However, high temperature can reduce their growth and biomass, which highlights the need for effective strategies to manage heat stress and drought stress. The research underscores the importance of sustainable agriculture, land use change, and natural resource management to enhance ecological resilience and biodiversity in the face of climate change. In conclusion, Munish Kaundal's study on the impact of CO2 and temperature on Valeriana and Hypericum provides valuable insights into the effects of climate change on plant physiology, growth, and bioactive molecule production. The research has important implications for the management and conservation of natural resources in the Western Himalayas and highlights the need for effective strategies to manage environmental stress and enhance ecological resilience.