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Home > Computer & Internet > Computer science > Artificial intelligence > Machine learning > Descrierea Limbilor Naturale in Sistemul Graalan Vol. 3
Descrierea Limbilor Naturale in Sistemul Graalan Vol. 3

Descrierea Limbilor Naturale in Sistemul Graalan Vol. 3


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About the Book

Scopul acestui document este de a prezenta o metoda de a descrie in mod formal limbile naturale. Incercarea pare hazardata deoarece orice limba naturala este nu numai foarte complexa dar si in continua schimbare. Cu tot acest risc, sa nu uitam ca incercari de aceste fel, de stabili, in fond "regulile" limbilor naturale stranse laolalta in ceea ce numim de obicei "gramatica" nu se fac de azi de ieri ci de (multe) mii de ani, cu mai mult sau mai putin succes dar totdeauna cu o neabatuta perseverenta. Existenta, azi, a unor mecanisme de investigare mult mai puternice (calculatoarele electronice) dar si experienta gigantica acumulata de-a lungul a mii de ani ne va duce, poate, la rezultate noi si poate mai utile (ceea ce poate parea surprinzator dupa atâta efort cheltuit in timp). O prima cerinta a modului de descriere catre care ne indreptam (sau dorim sa o facem) este aceea de a convinge, de a-l face sa intelega "despre ce este vorba" nu pe un om foarte inteligent ci pe "ceva" mut mai putin inteligent decât omul, si anume, calculatorul eletronic. Stim ca multa lume (mai ales nespecialistii) privesc cu oarecare teama catre aceasta masinarie miraculoasa suspectând-o de calitati pe care specialistii (cu exceptia celor care vor sa se laude in fata neofitilor) stiu cu certitudine ca nu le are (cel putin deocamdata...). Ca sa faci sa "inteleaga" un calculator ce este cu limbile astea naturale, este nevoie de un efort deloc neglijabil. Dar acest efort se poate face, si prezinta, ca un fel de efect colateral pozitiv, faptul ca in incercarea de a duce complexitatea limbii naturale la puterea (modesta !) de intelegere a unui calculator, trebuie facuta o sistematizare foarte riguroasa, cât mai cuprizatoare si care sa nu se bazeze de loc pe "lucruri subintelese" de care omul dispune, prin educatia sa dar pe care o masinarie cum este calculatorul, nu le are la dispozitie. O a doua cerinta ar fi ca metoda de descriere sa nu fie destinata exclusiv calculatorului ci sa fie facuta astfel incât, in fond (ba chiar in primul rând) sa fie inteleasa de om, sa fie deci cât mai "citibila." A treia cerinta spune ca descrierea sa se faca intr-un volum cât mai mic! Descrierea sa fie, deci cât mai compacta. Astfel, descrierea se poate face intr-un timp rezonabil dar si intelegerea ei se poate face intr-un timp rezonabil. (Daca ar fi vorba de zeci de mii de pagini, ar trebui, poate, generatii sa o faca si o viata de om ca sa o inteleaga apoi - si asta numai pentru o limba naturala - si exista foarte, foarte multe limbi naturale...). O a patra cerinta pe care o punem la baza incercarii noastre este aceea de a folosi in cât mai mare masura ceea ce mii si mii de "gramatici" au adunat cu migala si perseverenta de-a lungul timpului: cunostinte si reguli despre limba! Acest bagaj de valoare inestimabila nu trebuie neglijat si cu atât mai putin aruncat la cos (asa cum, din pacate, unii specialisti intr-ale calculatoarelor au gasit de cuviinta sa faca, incercând, cu o condamnabila, poate, ingâmfare sa reconstruiasca toata lingvistica de la zero, pe alte principii...). Desigur, acum este la moda statistica (foarte utila) dar nu trebuie nici sa exageram nici sa amestecam lucrurile. Statistica poate sa ne ofere informatii extrem de utile, indispensabile. Poate, de exemplu, sa ne spuna cu o foarte mica eroare câti oameni se vor naste si câti oameni vor muri in urmatoarele, sa zicem, douasprezece luni. Aceasta ne va permite sa calculam si sa planificam foarte exact de câte biberoane va fi nevoie in urmatoarele douasprezece luni si de cât ... lemn pentru cosciuge. Dar ma indoiesc ca ne va oferi cu adevarat lucruri foarte utile despre esenta vietii si a mortii. Incercarea noastra de descriere a unei limbi naturale nu va dispretui statistica, dimpotriva, dar se va baza in primul rând pe regulile intrinseci existente in limbile naturale si deja prezente in nenumaratele... carti de gramatica ale diverselor limbi naturale.


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9781500128562
  • Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
  • Publisher Imprint: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
  • Height: 279 mm
  • No of Pages: 472
  • Series Title: Romanian
  • Sub Title: Softwin
  • Width: 216 mm
  • ISBN-10: 1500128562
  • Publisher Date: 11 Jul 2016
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Language: Romanian
  • Returnable: N
  • Spine Width: 24 mm
  • Weight: 1133 gr


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